Henrik
2004-10-13, 17:17:27
IRA - A dark cheapter in Irish history
There are several paramilitary groups which call or have called themselves as the title "IRA" (Irish Republican Army). "Ira" as a latin expressions means fury in english.
The IRA was founded in 1919 as a merge of the "Irish Citizen Army" and the "Irish Volunteers".
The IRA sees it as its task to ensure Ireland's complete independancy from the UK.
Using violence was always seen as a way to achieve this aim.
And so the rebels began to attack British army installations and government buildings.
The British striked back with massive army arise. These british soldiers were bitterly hated by the Irish people, one reason is that they were extremely cruel in dealing with the rebels.
The first step towards peace was a treaty in 1921 on making Ireland a self-governing-country of the British Commonwealth named the Irish Free State.
The Irish people were sharply divided over this treaty.
Some people endorsed the situation. This group called Cumann na nGaedheal (Community of Gales) was first led by Michael Collins and later on by William T. Cosgrave.
Those who were against the treaty and demanded complete independence from the United Kingdom and union with Northern Ireland, formed a group named Sinn Fein.
In 1922, civil war broke out. When the fighting stopped in 1923, both groupes formed opposing political parties. De Valera became the head of the Sinn Fein party and Cosgrave became the leader of Cumann na nGaedheal.
As a result, the Irish Free State outlawed the IRA.
Nevertheless, members of the IRA continued in guerilla warfare against the British troups.
From 1922 till 1932, Cosgrave served as president of the Executive Council as governor of the Irish Free State. Under his lead, improvements in economy and trading with the United Kingdom were reached.
In 1926, De Valera left his party and founded a new one called "Fianna Fail" (Soldiers of Destiny).
Fianna Fail won the election of 1932 and so gained control of the Irish Parliament with De Valera as president of the Executive Council. Between 1932 and 1937, De Valera cut most of the ties between the Irish Free State and the UK. He abolished the oath of allegiance to the British monarch and the office of British governor general of Ireland.
In 1937, De Valera's government assumed a new constitution that described Ireland as a "souverein, independent, democratic state" and changed the state's name to Eire, which means Ireland in English. Since then, the office of President of the Executive Council is renamed into prime minister. De Valera became prime minister under the constitution.
Ireland remained neutral during the World War II (1939-1945), although thousands of Irish joined the British armed forces.
Ich habe das Ganze unter heftigem Zeitdruck geschrieben, von daher dürften Fehler die Regel sein ;)
Ich hoffe, das ist das richtige Forum. PoWi oder English Forum würden ja auch noch gehen =)
3dfx
There are several paramilitary groups which call or have called themselves as the title "IRA" (Irish Republican Army). "Ira" as a latin expressions means fury in english.
The IRA was founded in 1919 as a merge of the "Irish Citizen Army" and the "Irish Volunteers".
The IRA sees it as its task to ensure Ireland's complete independancy from the UK.
Using violence was always seen as a way to achieve this aim.
And so the rebels began to attack British army installations and government buildings.
The British striked back with massive army arise. These british soldiers were bitterly hated by the Irish people, one reason is that they were extremely cruel in dealing with the rebels.
The first step towards peace was a treaty in 1921 on making Ireland a self-governing-country of the British Commonwealth named the Irish Free State.
The Irish people were sharply divided over this treaty.
Some people endorsed the situation. This group called Cumann na nGaedheal (Community of Gales) was first led by Michael Collins and later on by William T. Cosgrave.
Those who were against the treaty and demanded complete independence from the United Kingdom and union with Northern Ireland, formed a group named Sinn Fein.
In 1922, civil war broke out. When the fighting stopped in 1923, both groupes formed opposing political parties. De Valera became the head of the Sinn Fein party and Cosgrave became the leader of Cumann na nGaedheal.
As a result, the Irish Free State outlawed the IRA.
Nevertheless, members of the IRA continued in guerilla warfare against the British troups.
From 1922 till 1932, Cosgrave served as president of the Executive Council as governor of the Irish Free State. Under his lead, improvements in economy and trading with the United Kingdom were reached.
In 1926, De Valera left his party and founded a new one called "Fianna Fail" (Soldiers of Destiny).
Fianna Fail won the election of 1932 and so gained control of the Irish Parliament with De Valera as president of the Executive Council. Between 1932 and 1937, De Valera cut most of the ties between the Irish Free State and the UK. He abolished the oath of allegiance to the British monarch and the office of British governor general of Ireland.
In 1937, De Valera's government assumed a new constitution that described Ireland as a "souverein, independent, democratic state" and changed the state's name to Eire, which means Ireland in English. Since then, the office of President of the Executive Council is renamed into prime minister. De Valera became prime minister under the constitution.
Ireland remained neutral during the World War II (1939-1945), although thousands of Irish joined the British armed forces.
Ich habe das Ganze unter heftigem Zeitdruck geschrieben, von daher dürften Fehler die Regel sein ;)
Ich hoffe, das ist das richtige Forum. PoWi oder English Forum würden ja auch noch gehen =)
3dfx