Leonidas
2019-09-18, 06:05:29
Link zur News:
https://www.3dcenter.org/news/hardware-und-nachrichten-links-des-17-september-2019
In den USA wurde die Entwicklung der Halbleiter-Industrie(aber nicht nur die) vorallem durch das Pentagon/DARPA also aus Steuergeldern finanziert.
"The Soviet launch of Sputnik on Oct. 4, 1957, prodded the United States to modernize its missile and space program. The newfangled silicon chips were considered vital - albeit costly - components, and Ceruzzi writes that NASA and the Defense Department bought so many "that the price dropped from $1,000 a chip to between $20 and $30."
Falling chip prices fueled development of new electronics for corporate customers and eventually individual consumers. Reliance on military purchases lessened, though defense dollars remained important in spurring research. Thus, when Larry Page and Sergey Brin later dreamed up Google, a defense research grant helped support their work. And when Stanford computer scientists won a robotic car race in 2005, the prize came from the Defense Department."
http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/High-tech-culture-of-Silicon-Valley-originally-2500151.php
"The saintly Alan recently gave a talk to newspaper editors in the US. He spoke passionately about the miracles of the market, the wonders bought by consumer choice and so on. He also gave some examples: the Internet, computers, information processing, lasers, satellites, transistors.28 It’s an interesting list: these are textbook examples of creativity and production in the public sector. In the case of the Internet, for thirty years it was designed, developed, and funded primarily in the public sector, mostly the Pentagon, then the National Science Foundation, that’s most of the hardware, the software, new ideas, technology and so on. In just the last couple of years it has been handed over to people like Bill Gates who, at least, you have to admire for his honesty: he attributes his success to his ability to ’embrace and extend’ the ideas of others, commonly others in the public sector.29 In the case of the Internet, consumer choice was close to zero, and during the crucial development stages the same is true of computers, information processing, and all the rest, unless by ‘consumer’ you mean the government; that is, public subsidy.
In fact, of all the examples that Greenspan gives, the only one that rises maybe to the level of a joke is transistors, and they are an interesting case. Transistors, in fact, were developed in a private laboratory – Bell Telephone Laboratories of AT&T – which also made major contributions to solar cells, radio astronomy, information theory, and lots of other important things. But what is the role of markets and consumer choice in that? Well again, it turns out, zero. AT&T was a government supported monopoly, so there was no consumer choice, and as a monopoly they could charge high prices: in effect, a tax on the public which they could use for institutions like Bell Laboratories where they could do all of this work. So again, it’s publicly subsidised. As if to demonstrate the point, as soon as the industry was deregulated Bell Labs went out of existence, because the public wasn’t paying for it any more: its successors work mostly on short-term applied projects. But that’s only the beginning of the story. True, Bell Labs invented transistors, but they used wartime technology which, again, was publicly subsidised and state-initiated. Furthermore there was nobody to buy transistors at that time, because they were very expensive to produce.
So, for ten years the government was the major procurer, particularly for high-performance transistors. In 1958 the Bell Telephone supplier, Western Electric, was producing hundreds of thousands of these, but solely for military applications. Government procurement provided entrepreneurial initiatives and guided the development of the technology, which could then be disseminated to industry. That’s ‘consumer choice’ and the ‘miracle of the market’ in the one case that you can even look at without ridicule. And in fact that story generalises, even the most ignorant economist must know this. The dynamic sectors of the economy rely crucially on massive public subsidy, innovation and creativity; the examples that Greenspan gave are mostly some of the most dramatic cases of this. It’s a revealing set of choices. A lot of this is masked as defence, but that’s not all, the same is true in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and so on."
https://chomsky.info/199805__-2/
Gast Ritis
2019-09-18, 17:39:05
(Falsch verlinkt kommt man hier nur über den Umweg vom Forum-Baum hin...)
Zum Thema mGPU:
es sollte mittlerweile klar sein, dass mGPU nur in Grenzbereichen von 4k oder höher sinnvoll ist. Der Test von Tweaktown zeigt umso deutlicher - leider mit falsch/schlecht sortierten Wertebalken ohne minFPS Orientierung - dass es bei der Mehrleistung nicht auf die durschnittlichen FPS ankommt, sondern auf die höheren Min-FPS. Ein Spiel das hier nicht punktet kann man unter mGPU abschreiben.
Für Titel die gute Ergebnisse zeigen wie Tomb Raider oder FarCry5 und in der Summe dann mehrere hunder Stunden in 4k Auflösung ausmachen wäre eine doppelte 2070 Super besser als die teuerste RTX. Gerade hier schlägt die relativ geringe Mehrperformance der 2080Ti im Geldbeutel ein grösseres Loch und bleibt hinter zwei 2070 zurück.
Aber es ist ein Spezialfall und nur wenige würden wohl in diesen beiden Titeln hunderte Stunden verlieren.
Titel mit Kampangnen und hohem Online-Spielwert wären da schon eher prädestiniert. StarCitizen, EliteDangerous, TEOS, etc. die von Fans auf 4k++ mit hohen FPS gehoben werden sollen würden auch Käufer von mGPU Setups finden....
Die betrachtung über beliebige Titel kann man sich aber sparen...., das lohnt einfach nicht.
Leonidas
2019-09-18, 18:34:44
(Falsch verlinkt kommt man hier nur über den Umweg vom Forum-Baum hin...)
Gefixt.
Titel mit Kampangnen und hohem Online-Spielwert wären da schon eher prädestiniert. StarCitizen, EliteDangerous, TEOS, etc. die von Fans auf 4k++ mit hohen FPS gehoben werden sollen würden auch Käufer von mGPU Setups finden....
:up: Genauso sollten zukünftige mGPU-Tester ans Thema rangehen.
morbidmorgis
2019-09-18, 19:11:30
(...)die Radeon RX 5700 XT hingegen um +5,8% vor der GeForce RTX 2070 (ohne Angabe, ob Referenz- oder FE-Takt)(...)
Vielleicht meinten sie auch beides, denn...
(...)5700XT ist +7,2% schneller als 2070Ref, +4,2% schneller als 2070FE(...)
...der einfache Mittelwert aus diesen beiden Werten ergibt 5,7%. Ziemlich akkurat ;).
SLI ist ganz und gar nicht tot, ganz im Gegenteil mit NVLink wurde SLI in der Turing-Generation gerade wieder neues Leben eingehaucht.
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